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Belajar Investasi Dari John Neff – The Low P/E Investor

Guru Investor - John Neff
Guru Investor - John Neff

Mungkin tidak banyak orang yang mengenal investor bernama John Neff. Padahal dia adalah salah satu investor yang sangat dihormati di Amerika. John Neff melalui perusahaannya Windsor Fund berhasil mengembangkan investasinya dengan average return 13.7% per tahun dari tahun 1964 – 1995.

Kebanyakan orang tidak merasa sesuatu yang memuaskan dengan average return 13.7% pertahun. Tapi jika di periode tahun yang sama, S&P 500 menghasilkan average return hanya sebesar 3.1% pertahun. Maka itu selisih yang sangat besar.

Latar Belakang John Neff

John Neff lahir pada tahun 1931, kedua orang tuanya bercerai ketika dia baru berusia 4 tahun. Dan seperti yang kita tahu 1931 adalah masih dalam suasana the great depression.

Kakek dari pihak ibunya adalah pekerja keras, kerja keras sang kakek yang akhirnya membiayai keluarga John Neff. Banyak entrepreneur dari sisi keluarga ibunya tersebut, termasuk bibi dan pamannya yang membuka toko groceries. Paman dan bibinya adalah sosok yang sangat bijak, mereka selalu menawar murah dan sangat bijaksana dalam menggunakan uangnya. Suatu ketika paman dan bibinya ingin membeli unit usaha lain, sehingga meminjam uang dari nenek John. Hasil usaha dari pembelian unit usaha ini gagal total. John kecil belajar membeli unit usaha karena harganya terlalu murah tidak selalu menjadi keputusan bijaksana.

[Tweet “When it comes to money, emotional attachment can fool you”]

Di umur 18 tahun, ayah John mencoba membangun kembali hubungan dengannya.  Sang ayah menawarkan John untuk bekerja di perusahaannya yaitu Neff Equipment, sebuah perusahaan distribusi peralatan lubrikasi untuk otomatif dan mesin lainnya.

Perusahaan itu tidak terlihat mewah tapi bisa menghasilkan keuntungan yang begitu bagus. Disini dia belajar bahwa perusahaan yang tidak terlihat sexy ternyata bisa menghasilkan keuntungan yang begitu bagus. Dia melihat bagaimana ayahnya dalam menjalankan bisnis, selalu meminta discount untuk semua barang yang dibelinya.

Strategi Investasi John Neff

Pengalaman masa kecil diatas ini yang akhirnya membentuk cara berinvestasi dari seorang John Neff yang suka membeli saham yang sudah jatuh begitu dalam. Sehingga banyak yang menyebut gaya investasi dia mirip dengan seorang David Dreman yang terkenal dengan gaya contrarian investing. John Neff menolak jika dia disebut sebagai seorang contrarian, dia lebih suka menyebut dirinya Low PE Investor.

Cara dia screening saham awal cukup unik, dia akan ambil koran lalu lihat mana saja saham yang harga saat ini mendekati harga terendah satu tahun terakhir. Lalu dilihat berapa PER perusahaan tersebut, jika masuk kriteria PER rendah dari John Neff maka dia akan proses lebih lanjut. Bagi saya, pendekatan dia memang mirip sekali dengan David Dreman tapi parameter yang digunakan lebih rumit dari David Dreman. Mari kita belajar bagaimana strategi investasi John Neff.

Step 1 – Price to Earning Ratio (PER) Rendah 

PER 5 jika market memiliki average price to earning ratio (PER) 5 maka PER 5 tidaklah murah. John Neff selalu membandingkan murah atau tidak dengan harga yang saat ini berlaku di market. Jika PER 20 tapi rata-rata PER market 100 maka itu tetap terhitung murah. Kurang lebih begitu pola pikirnya.

Tapi yang unik adalah dia tidak mau memilih perusahaan yang PER terlalu rendah, karena yang terlalu rendah bisa jadi bukan terlalu murah tapi memang terlalu jelek.

Saya akan berikan contoh dengan simulasi, agar lebih mudah anda mengerti.

Jika anda lihat saat ini IHSG memiliki PER di angka 17.63 jika kita lihat dari fundachart stockbit.

Stockbit Fundachart - IHSG PER
Stockbit Fundachart – IHSG PER

John Neff menerapkan aturan hanya membeli saham yang PER dibawah minimal 40% tapi  maksimal dibawah 60% dari PER market.

Sehingga jika PER IHSG adalah 17,63 maka John Neff akan memilih saham untuk dilirik jika PER 7.05X – 10.58X.

PE Ratio Penurunan >=40% dari average PER market dan <=60% PASS

PE Ratio Penurunan <=40% FAIL

PE Ratio Penurunan >=60% PASS

NB: Bagi penulis membandingkan PER murah atau tidak dengan market PER memang konsep yang menarik dan logis, tapi penulis sendiri tidak merasa kriteria batas penurunan maksimal 60% diperlukan.

Step 2 – EPS Growth Rate Tinggi

Perusahaan yang baik tentu perusahaan yang laba bersih terus meningkat. Sehingga ini kenapa hampir semua investor menyukai parameter EPS Growth untuk memilih saham. Yang menarik, kembali John Neff menerapkan aturan maksimal EPS Growth yang boleh dipilih adalah 20%. Jika lebih dari 20%, dia ragu perusahaan bisa konsisten mempertahankan kinerjanya. John Neff tidak suka perusahaan yang tidak bisa diprediksi konsistensinya.

EPS Growth >=7 & EPS Growth <=20% PASS

EPS Growth <7% FAIL

EPS Growth >20% FAIL

NB: Penulis merasa sedikit tidak setuju dengan EPS growth diatas 20% tidak dipilih, tapi di satu sisi merasa logis juga penjelasannya. Mungkin ini akan jadi data riset berikutnya, apa dampak penurunan EPS growth terhadap pergerakan harga saham. John Neff terkenal orang yang suka lakukan riset, jadi mungkin ada sesuatu data yang dia ketahui untuk hal ini.

Step 3 – Future EPS Growth

EPS growth melihat konsistensi pertumbuhan EPS (earning per share / laba bersih per lembar saham), kita bisa melihat bagaimana kehebatan manajemen perusahaan ini dalam konsistensi menumbuhkan laba perusahaan.

Tapi seberapa baguskah perkiraan bisnis ini untuk kedepannya? Inilah future EPS Growth. John Neff ingin melihat apakah para analis memprediksikan perusahaan ini tetap akan memiliki  pertumbuhan yang baik untuk tahun-tahun mendatang atau tidak. Inilah kenapa John Neff juga memperhatikan pendapat consensus.

Anayst Growth EPS Consensus Estimate

>6% untuk tahun ini & >6% untuk long term PASS

<6% untuk tahun ini & <6% untuk long term FAIL

Step 4 – Sales Growth

John Neff berpendapat, syarat perusahaan bisa memiliki laba yang bertumbuh secara konsisten dalam jangka panjang harus diikuti sales yang bertambah. Untuk itu dia mencari perusahaan yang selalu konsisten angka sales juga bertambah.

Pendekatan sales growth ini juga sedikit unik, dimana dia membandingkan dengan EPS growth (step nomor 2). Untuk lebih jelas saya akan berikan ilustrasi:

  • Misalkan perusahaan ABC memiliki EPS Growth 8%.
  • Jika sales growth >=70% dari PES Growth atau sales growth >=7% PASS
    • Artinya jika sales growth 5.6% (70% dari EPS growth 8%) maka PASS
  • Jika perusahaan itu memiliki EPS growth 15%
    • Artinya jika sales growth 8% (dibawah 70% dari 15% –> 10.5%) maka tetap PASS

Step 5 – Total Return / Price to Earning Ratio

Bukan sebuah istilah resmi, ini tampaknya racikan pribadi dari pemikiran John Neff sendiri.

Total Return yang dimaksud adalah penjumlahan dari EPS growth dengan dividen yield. Sehingga jika EPS growth 15% dan total dividen yield tahun ini 5% maka total return adalah 20%.

Total return yang kita dapatkan akan kita bagi dengan PER dari perusahaan tersebut. Anggap PER perusahaan tersebut adalah 5X. Maka 20% kita bagi dengan 5X, akan didapatkan hasil 4.

Angka yang kita dapatkan lalu kita kali 2 maka menjadi 8. Dari angka yang didapatkan maka kita bandingkan dengan PER Market. Jika PER Market <= (total return/PER)x2 maka PASS

Jika PER Market > (total Return/PER)x2 maka FAIL.

Ini indikator yang sangat ketat. Artinya untuk IHSG yang PER 17.63X, maka kita harus menemukan perusahaan yang (total return/PER)x2 minimal 8.82.

Kalau kita mengikuti aturan EPS growth maksimal 20% dan berasumsi kita mendapatkan saham dengan PER 7X artinya saya harus bisa mencari perusahaan yang bisa menghasilkan dividen yield 1%.

Sehingga hasil dari total return/PER x 2 menjadi

total return = 20% + 11% = 31%

PER = 7

Total Return / PER = 4.42, sehingga jika kita kali 2 maka menjadi 8.84. Baru perusahaan ini layak dibeli.

Perusahaan yang memiliki EPS growth 20%, dividen yield 11% dengan PER dibawah 10 bukan sesuatu yang mudah dicari walaupun bisa dicari.

Step 6 – Free Cash Flow

Free cash flow adalah berapa nilai sisa dari cashflow operation (CFO) setelah dikurangi penambahan working capital dan capital expenditure (penambahan fixed asset).

Jika tidak mau terlalu ribet, di bagian financial atau key stats stockbit anda bisa melihatnya.

Free cashflow ini poinnya adalah sisa uang kas operasional yang masih belum tau akan digunakan untuk apa. Kurang lebih gampangnya untuk dimengerti seperti itu.

Free cashflow positif PASS

Free cashflow negatif FAIL

Step 7 – Earning per Share Stabil

Kondisi ideal adalah EPS perusahaan selalu naik jika dibandingkan kinerja tahun lalu.

Q1 tahun ini > Q1 tahun lalu & Q2 tahun ini > Q2 tahun lalu & Q3 tahun ini > Q3 tahun lalu & Q4 tahun ini > Q4 tahun lalu  = PASS

Q1 tahun ini < Q1 tahun lalu & Q2 tahun ini < Q2 tahun lalu & Q3 tahun ini < Q3 tahun lalu & Q4 tahun ini < Q4 tahun lalu  = FAIL

NB: Ini kondisi ideal, tapi selalu ada tahun atau situasi khusus seperti sekarang yang bisa dijadikan pengecualian

Tambahan Dari Penulis

Tidak dimasukan sebagai step by step didalam buku tersebut. Akan tetapi dicatat di bagian terpisah.

  • Beli perusahaan yang mendekati harga terendah satu tahun terakhir, ini juga merupakan salah satu indikator yang saya gunakan jika saya membeli saham perusahaan market cap kecil. Seperti baru-baru ini penulis ada membeli satu saham yang penulis cukup yakin bisa dapat profit singkat, alasannya simpel karena perusahaan biasa-biasa itu ketika penulis beli sangat mendekati harga terendah satu tahun terakhir.
  • Walaupun salah satu komponen paling jadi kunci adalah ratio khusus dia yaitu total return/PER. Dimana seperti yang penulis sampaikan diatas, ini berarti butuh dua komponen penting yaitu perusahaan yang menghasilkan EPS Growth tinggi dan Dividen Yield tinggi. Tapi di satu bagian lain di buku tersebut John Neff bilang bahwa dia juga membeli saham yang tidak membagikan dividen jika dia melihat harga terlalu murah. Bayangkan jika PER IHSG di 10X, artinya kita bisa membeli saham dengan PER 4X kalau di aturan beliau. Sehingga jika EPS growth kita 20% maka kita akan mendapatkan hasil:
    • Total Return = 20%
    • PER = 4X
    • Total Return/PER = 5
    • Total Return/PER X 2 = 10
    • Sehingga memenuhi syarat total return/PER x 2 >= PER market walaupun perusahaan tersebut tidak memiliki dividen.
  • Penulis merasa cara John Neff memilih saham memang sangat konservatif, cocok untuk investor yang memiliki tingkat risiko yang rendah. Asal sabar – sabar nyari saham yang memenuhi syarat diatas.

Baca Juga : Screening Saham Ala Value Investing

 

 

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Written by Thowilz

Saya adalah seorang value investor yang memiliki passion untuk mengajarkan teknik value investing kepada investor lainnya. Anda dapat membaca tulisan saya di stockbit (@thowilz), instagram, dan social media investorsaham.id lainnya.

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    Cashing out and returning to real money has also been very difficult: bank fraud officers look askance at untraceable anonymous transactions. For those reasons, Bitcoin was of limited utility: a speculative investment for some who watched its price oscillate, and a means of payment for people doing things that were so illicit that the slow transactions, unpredictability, and illiquidity were worth it. In late 2013 the FBI shut down Silk Road, the main online black market, meaning bitcoin holders couldn’t even buy drugs anymore. It could have all ended then. 17 Oyedele, Akin. “Robert Shiller: Bitcoin Is the ‘Best Example Right Now’ of a Bubble.” Business Insider, September 5, 2017; businessinsider bitcoin-price-bubble-shiller-best-example-2017-9.  Bitcoin being a digital currency needs to be analyzed from a further perspective than just as an ordinary currency. Both the traditional determinants of currency prices and factors specific to digital currency are analyzed by Ciaian and Rajcaniova (2016). They examine if Bitcoin has the characteristics such as a medium of exchange, a unit of account and a store of value. They argue that the attractiveness of Bitcoin is the main driver of its’ price and Bitcoin cannot compete with standard currencies due to its speculative nature.

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  15. The best crypto portfolio trackers denominate your holdings in your local fiat currency. This is an attractive feature as exchanges themselves don’t always have this capability. For example, if you are based in the U.S., your portfolio app would show the total value and the profit and losses in U.S. dollars. Real-time prices with API sync support for 90+ exchanges, and wallet balance import for 190 cryptocurrencies. Portfolio analytics and statistics such as portfolio distribution & highest gainers and losers. Crypto Pro is available on all Apple devices (Mac, iPad, iOS, Apple Watch). They do not collect any personal data or use any user tracking or analytics solutions. The CryptoTrax app is easy to use and includes a cryptocurrency portfolio tool as well. The app has a market tracker so you can easily compare the amount of cryptocurrency the user has with live prices. In addition to this, you can add multiple altcoins and tokens to your current balance. This app is available for both iOS and Android.
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    But recent history has shown that some stablecoins have their limitations. The cryptocurrency Terra (LUNA), which was one of the most valuable cryptos in the market, collapsed to near zero on May 12. LUNA plummeted about 96% in just a 24-hour period after the network’s stablecoin, TerraUSD (UST), de-pegged from the U.S. dollar and started a choppy descent May 9, creating a crypto bank run of sorts during which users were aggressively selling off LUNA. Impending recession talks cause the public to get anxious and move away from riskier assets, such as stocks, equities and cryptocurrency. Consumer confidence starts to fall with thoughts of a recession. Cryptocurrency is based on consumer demand, and with higher costs of living, people may not have the money to invest in cryptocurrencies. It is unclear if cryptocurrency values might drop during a recession because digital assets haven’t seen a long recession period. However, cryptocurrency will most likely struggle with the fear of recession, similar to other riskier investments.

  16. “Visa is committed to being on the forefront of digital currency and blockchain innovation and leveraging these new technologies to help improve the way we move money.” In December 2021, it launched crypto advisory services to help educate more customers about the nascent asset class. Last August, the firm purchased a $150,000 Crypto Punk NFT for its corporate collection later launching a program to help creators navigate NFTs. Earlier this month, Visa partnered with FTX to help the exchange rollout FTX-branded debit cards for the Latin American Asian and European markets. Already a subscriber? .css-16c7pto-SnippetSignInLinkSign In For Finextra’s free daily newsletter, breaking news and flashes and weekly job board. * Special thanks to Yi Hsiao, Salvador Ricardo, Yuset Rosello Moya, Anjana Sarkar, Divyata Singh, and Cristina Villarroel from Visa Innovation Center, and to Andrew Beams, Mohsen Minaei, and Mahdi Zamani from Visa Research for their help throughout the hackathon
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    Cryptocurrency mining involves solving complex mathematical equations with the goal of earning some cryptocurrencies. These equations validate blocks of transactions, and each block is added to the blockchain. The first computer to solve the complex equation or algorithm gets rewarded with new cryptocurrencies. Many cryptocurrency exchanges have affiliate programmes that allow to earn commissions on customers you refer. This is an excellent way to profit from cryptocurrency without having to engage in any trading or investing. Affiliate programmes can be extremely competitive. Deposit risk: What do crypto exchanges really do with your money? At its core, cryptocurrency is a decentralised digital currency, which is usually backed by a public ledger (blockchain) to verify transfers, mint new coins and secure individual coin ownership records.

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