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Menghitung Nilai Wajar Saham Warren Buffet

Menghitung Nilai Wajar (Valuasi) ala Warren Buffet
Menghitung Nilai Wajar (Valuasi) ala Warren Buffet

Pada tulisan kali ini, saya akan membahas bagaimana teknik valuasi nilai wajar saham yang digunakan oleh Warren Buffet.

Sebelumnya saya sudah membahas bagaimana cara menghitung nilai wajar yang digunakan oleh Benjamin Graham.

Baca juga : Menghitung Nilai Wajar Saham ala Benjamin Graham.

Jika kita menggunakan rumus dari Benjamin Graham umumnya kita tidak akan bisa mendapatkan saham big caps seperti BCA, BRI, Unilever, Sampoerna. Karena perusahaan – perusahaan tersebut memiliki Price to Earning Ratio (PER) yang tinggi. Yang artinya Earning per Share (EPS) mereka tidak terlalu tinggi.

Sedangkan Earning per Share (EPS) merupakan variabel kunci dalam perhitungan nilai intrinsik / harga wajar di formula Benjamin Graham. Warren Buffet melakukan analisa lebih menyeluruh. Sehingga bisa melihat potensi perusahaan lebih jelas. Ini kenapa beberapa perusahaan big caps masih bisa memenuhi nilai intrinsik atau harga wajar menurut perhitungan Warren Buffet.

8 langkah menghitung nilai intrinsik / harga wajar ala Warren Buffet (studi kasus HMSP dengan data laporan keuangan 2019):

Langkah 1 – Menghitung initial rate of return

Rumus initial rate of return = EPS / Harga saham

Jika hasilnya diatas suku bunga bank sentral (BI rate) maka boleh dilanjutkan ke langkah berikutnya. BI Rate per hari ini di kisaran 5%.

Tujuan dari initial rate of return adalah mencari perusahaan yang memiliki persentase laba bersih lebih besar dibandingkan BI rate. Persentase laba bersih ini bukan persentase net income. Persentase yang dimaksud adalah persentase laba bersih dibandingkan dengan uang yang kita bayarkan untuk investasi saham kita.

Contoh Perhitungan ( NB: Data ini saya buat di stockbit per tanggal 8 Januari 2020)

  • EPS : 116
  • Harga Saham : 2.220
  • Initial Rate of Return : 116/2.220
  • Initial Rate of Return : 5.23% (karena diatas BI Rate maka kita bisa ke langkah berikutnya)

Langkah 2 – Hitung rata – rata persentase ROE after payout 5 tahun terakhir

Kita perlu mencari 2 hal terlebih dahulu:

  • Average ROE (return on Equity) 5 tahun terakhir, contoh : 44%
  • Average Dividen Payout Ratio (DPR) 5 tahun terakhir, contoh : 99%

Setelah mendapatkan kedua hal tersebut maka kita menggunakan rumus:

Rumus Average ROE after Payout = Average ROE * (1-Average Dividen Payout Ratio)

Average ROE after Payout : 44% * (1-99%)

Average after Payout : 0.46%

Langkah 3 – Hitung proyeksi equity/share 5 tahun kedepan

Rumus Proyeksi Equity per Share = PV(1+i)^(n-1)

  • Total equity tahun terakhir : 35,358,000,000,000 rupiah
  • Total lembar saham beredar : 116,320,000,000
  • Equity per share : 303,97 (Total equity / Total share outstanding)
  • Future Equity per share after 5 years = 303.97*(1+0.46%)^5)
  • Future Equity per share after 5 years = 311,06

Langkah 4 – Konversikan proyeksi equity/share menjadi future EPS

Rumus Future EPS : Future Equity per share x Percent average ROE after payout

Future EPS : 311,06 x 0.46%

Future EPS : 137,22

Langkah 5 – Hitung future stock price

Future stock price : Future EPS * Rata-rata PER 5 tahun (NB: Jika PER saat ini lebih rendah maka gunakan PER saat ini)

Average PER 5 tahun terakhir : 36.93

PER saat ini : 19.6

Future stock price : 137.22 x 19.6

Future stock price : 2.690

Langkah 6 – Hitung future stock price + dividen

Current EPS : 116

Future EPS after 5 year : 137,22

Growth EPS : 9.54% (Silahkan gunakan file excel terlampir untuk mendapatkan formula perhitungan via excel)

Future EPS 5 year : SUM (current EPS * (1+growth EPS)^5)

  • Future EPS tahun 1 : 127,06
  • Future EPS tahun 2 : 139,19
  • Future EPS tahun 3 : 152,47
  • Future EPS tahun 4 : 167,02
  • Future EPS tahun 5 : 182,96
  • Total EPS 5 years = 768,71

Dividen Payout Ratio : 99%

Total Proyeksi Dividen 5 year : 768,71 * 99%

Total Proyeksi Dividen 5 year : 760,66

Future stock price : 2.690

Future stock price plus dividen : 2.690 + 760.66

Future stock price plus dividen : 3450.66

Langkah 7 – Hitung expected rate of return menggunakan average ROE

Syarat expected rate of return menurut Warren Buffet:

  • Expected rate return ROE >15% (Pilih – Best case)
  • Expected rate raturn ROE <15% dan >=12% (Pilih)
  • Expected rate return ROE <12% (Buang)

Future stock price plus dividen : 3450.66

Current Price : 2.220

Expected rate return ROE : 9.22% (Gunakan excel terlampir untuk dibantu perhitungan ini)

Sehingga jika HMSP dengan current price 2.220 seharusnya kita tidak membeli saham ini karena masih dianggap mahal.

Langkah 8 – Menghitung Nilai Wajar

Di langkah nomor 7 sebenarnya kita sudah melihat bahwa jika HMSP diharga 2.220 masih dianggap mahal. Tapi karena perusahaan ini memiliki kinerja yang bagus maka kita ingin daftarkan kedalam watchlist kita.

Lalu berapakah nilai wajar yang pantas untuk saham ini? maka kembali kepada expected ROE minimum yang harus dipenuhi. Expected ROE minimum yang harus dipenuhi adalah 12% atau best case nya adalah 15%.

Sehingga untuk mendapatkan expected ROE minimum 12% maka nilai wajar saham tersebut di angka 1.960 (gunakan excel terlampir untuk mendapatkan cara perhitungannya).

Download : Excel File Perhitungan Nilai Intrinsik ala Warren Buffet

Jika anda tertarik dengan filosofi investasi dari Warren Buffet, anda bisa baca koleksi quote Warren buffet part 1 dan part 2.

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What do you think?

Written by Thowilz

Saya adalah seorang value investor yang memiliki passion untuk mengajarkan teknik value investing kepada investor lainnya. Anda dapat membaca tulisan saya di stockbit (@thowilz), instagram, dan social media investorsaham.id lainnya.

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  1. Bagaimana saya harus meyakinkan diri saya bahwa metode yg anda jelaskan adalah metode yg sama dengan metode yg Warren Buffet gunakan?

    • Cara perhitungan dikutip dari buku The Guru Investor: How to Beat Market Using History’s Best Investment Strategies yang ditulis oleh John P. Reese dan Jack M. Forehand. Silahkan cari dan baca buku tersebut.

  2. pak thowilz, saya baru belajar fundamental,biasanya website yang menyajikan data2 EPS, ROE, DEV, yg lengkap > 5 th apa ya? kebetulan di aplikasi sekuritas saya suka tidak update, kalau di RTI EPSnya disajikan dalam bentuk grafik, jadi agak sulit untuk menentukan nilai persisnya

    • Hi pak Danto. Terima kasih sudah mengunjungi website investorsaham.id
      Kalau saya menggunakan stockbit. Bapak bisa coba fitur pro 30 hari trial dengan email bapak. Jika mau menggunakan secara gratis untuk lifetime, bapak bisa buka rekening di stockbit dengan minimum dana tertentu (silahkan hubungi CS stockbit untuk lebih jelasnya).

      Coba dulu aja 30 hari trialnya, menurut saya sangat membantu saya untuk analisa sebagai investor. Karena bisa lihat sampai 10 tahun. Sedangkan di platform lain hanya bisa sampai 5 tahun.

  3. Terima kasih atas postingan yang mencerahkan… Ada hal yang perlu saya tanyakan:
    1. Apabila hasil perhitungan langkah pertama not pass tapi di langkah ketujuh hasil perhitungan expected rate of return ROE-nya di atas 15% dan saham sedang dalam kondisi undervalue secara perhitungan dengan metode ini, apakah saham tersebut layak dibeli atau tidak? Mohon diberikan alasan atas keputusan yang diambil.
    2. Untuk saham dengan DPR besar perhitungan bisa menghasilkan nilai EPS Growth negatif yang berakibat kepada future stock price yang lebih kecil, dalam kenyataannya (CMIIW) saham dengan DPR yang besar apabila secara fundamental bagus akan tetap naik harga sahamnya, apakah perlu dilakukan adjustment untuk perhitungannya?

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  18. Mohon penjelasan: Langkah menghitung nilai wajar saham Warren Buffet….terdapat ketidaksesuaian antara data tulisan dan data exel pada langkah 6. Growth EPS 9,54% (tulisan), di exel = 3 42% sehingga Future EPS th 1 – th 5 berbeda antara tulisan dan di exel.
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