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Dow Gold Ratio – Alat Deteksi Krisis Ekonomi Dunia

Dow Gold

Apa Itu Dow Gold Ratio?

Dow Gold Ratio pertama kali diperkenalkan oleh seorang pemikir ekonomi terkenal di Amerika bernama Peter Schiff. Peter Schiff membuat buku yang berjudul “Crash Proof”, yang berisi riset untuk mengetahui kapan terjadinya suatu krisis.

Peter Schiff tampaknya bukan seorang tokoh yang dikenal banyak pemain saham, karena dia lebih suka berinvestasi didalam instrumen gold dan silver.

Tapi ada 1 bagian yang menarik dari buku tersebut yaitu bagaimana dia menjelaskan tentang Ratio DJIA (Dow Jones Industrial Average) terhadap harga emas per troy ounce (XAUUSD).

Ratio ini berguna untuk menghitung apakah sebuah bursa sudah kemahalan atau belum. Jika sudah terlalu mahal maka potensi terjadinya krisis menjadi besar.

Kenapa Pengukuran Menggunakan Patokan Harga Emas?

Dalam penangkapan saya, kenapa dia menggunakan gold sebagai tolak ukur untuk mengukur bursa saham mahal atau tidak, karena nilai sebenarnya sebuah produk sebenarnya dapat diukur oleh emas.

Harga sebuah barang dalam mata uang rupiah ataupun usd bisa saja naik. Tapi ajaibnya harga barang terhadap emas tidak bergerak jauh dari dulu hingga sekarang.

Sebagai contoh : Harga kambing yang tidak berubah jika dibandingkan dengan harga emas.

  • 1 kambing jantan dari jaman Rasulullah seharga 1 dinar, hingga zaman sekarang harga kambing tidak jauh dari 1 dinar.
  • 1 dinar = 4,25 gram emas 22 karat. Saya pribadi sudah tidak terlalu mengikuti harga emas, jadi teman – teman silahkan cek apakah teori ini sebenarnya benar atau tidak.

Bagaimana Menggunakan Dow Gold Ratio Untuk Mendeteksi Akan Terjadinya Krisis Ekonomi?

Dibawah ini saya melampirkan chart Dow-Gold Ratio. Chart ini mulai dari tahun 1915 hingga september 2019. Jadi berisikan data historical lebih dari 100 tahun.

 

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Jika kita melihat didalam chart tersebut, ada terjadi 3 resesi yang sangat besar dampaknya:

  1. Agustus 1929 ketika Dow Gold Ratio 1:18 (18,36 lebih tepatnya). Pergerakan bursa mengalami penurunan hingga ratio tersebut menjadi 1:2 (1,94 lebih tepatnya).
  2. Bursa membaik hingga puncaknya di tahun 1965 Dow Gold Ratio 1:27 (26,81 lebih tepatnya). Bursa kembali mengalami penurunan hingga ratio tersebut menjadi 1:1 (1,3 lebih tepatnya).
  3. Bursa berlangsung pulih hingga Agustus 1999 dimana Dow-Gold Ratio 1:42 (42,19 lebih tepatnya). Kemudian bursa mengalami penurunan hingga ratio tersebut menjadi 1:7 di tahun 2011 (6,74 lebih tepatnya).

Jadi melihat sejarah, terjadi penurunan besar ketika Dow Gold Ratio ada di 3 titik:

  • Ratio 1:18
  • Ratio 1:27
  • Ratio 1:42

Apakah Dow Gold Ratio Berpengaruh ke IHSG?

Dari sejarah 3 siklus penurunan besar yang saya jelaskan diatas, maka saya tidak tahu apa yang terjadi dengan bursa saham indonesia pada tahun 1929 dan 1965. Karena setahu saya bursa saham Indonesia baru lahir di tahun 1977.

Jadi yang relevan hanyalah ketika resesi ketiga terjadi sekitaran tahun 1999, dimana 1 tahun sebelumnya negara kita mengalami krisis ekonomi parah di tahun 1998.

Lalu bagaimana dengan krisis yang terjadi di tahun 2007-2008 ?

Saat itu IHSG sempat di puncak harga tertinggi di Januari 2008 di harga 2.739 dan turun hingga menjadi 1240 di Desember 2008. itu adalah penurunan sebesar hampir 55%. dimana dalam index DJIA:GOLD desember 2018 ratio di 1:16. Dan itu memang masih dalam fase penurunan efek dari puncak DJIA:GOLD dari tahun 1999.

IHSG berangsur meningkat ketika mei 2009 yaitu ketika DJIA:GOLD di ratio 1:8,71.

IHSG terus meningkat hingga tahun 2019, walau sempat tejadi sedikit turbulensi di kisaran October 2015 yang uniknya berada di ratio 1:15. (dekat dengan ratio DJIA:GOLD ketika krisis terjadi di 1929.

Dan seperti yang kita tahu dan alami, IHSG dan bursa dunia mengalami crash di 2020. Dimana Dow Gold Ratio saat itu berada di kisaran 19,25X. (yang kebetulan juga mendekati Dow Gold Ratio 1:18).

Tapi ini penurunan tidak ada efek karena Dow Gold Ratio tapi karena pandemic COVID-19 (virus corona). Saya setuju sekali, ini memang cuma kebetulan yang pas saja.

Kesimpulan

Jadi dari analisa tersebut, walau tidak bisa secara spesifik Dow Gold Ratio ini dijadikan patokan sebagai alat untuk mengukur apakah akan terjadinya krisis atau tidak. 

Tapi menurut saya ratio ini dapat digunakan sebagai peringatan bagi para investor saham. Jika sudah mendekati titik kritis maka ada baiknya mengamankan sejumlah cash sebagai dry powder kita. 

Sehingga jika terjadi market crash, maka kita memiliki dry powder yang cukup berinvestasi ketika peluang menarik itu muncul.

Tapi apa yang harus kita lakukan jika menemukan saham perusahaan bagus dan dijual sangat murah?

Berinvestasilah jika peluang sangat bagus itu ada. Karena market tidak rasional ketika menurunkan harga saham. Market menjadi lebih tidak rasional ketika menaikkan harga saham.

Dalam jangka pendek kita sebagai value investor bisa mengalami kerugian besar karena market sering tidak rasional. Tapi dalam jangka panjang, ketika market menjadi rasional kembali maka kita akan meraih keuntungan yang baik.

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What do you think?

Written by Thowilz

Saya adalah seorang value investor yang memiliki passion untuk mengajarkan teknik value investing kepada investor lainnya. Anda dapat membaca tulisan saya di stockbit (@thowilz), instagram, dan social media investorsaham.id lainnya.

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