Apa itu Jurnal Saham?
Sebagai investor saham disarankan membuat jurnal saham untuk mencatat detail transaksi yang dilakukan.
Beberapa manfaat dari jurnal saham adalah:
- Sebagai trading plan bagi para trader sebelum membeli suatu saham.
- Untuk mengetahui biaya dan profit aktual dari investasi saham kita.
- Untuk mengetahui strategi investasi / trading mana yang paling cocok untuk kita.
- Untuk mengetahui akurasi analisa yang kita lakukan dalam investasi saham.
Untuk itu mari kita bahas satu demi satu poin diatas.
Membuat Trading Plan
Jika anda seorang trader maka anda wajib mengisi jurnal trading anda sebelum anda memutuskan membeli sebuah saham. Jangan pernah membeli sebuah saham sebelum mengisi jurnal trading anda.
Saya akan memberikan anda sebuah pertanyaan sebelum melanjuti topik ini. Andaikata anda lagi mempertimbangkan 2 saham yang akan anda beli, dengan data sebagai berikut:
- Saham A target buy di harga 1.000 dan target taking profit di harga 1.200, ini berarti potensi profit 20%.
- Saham B target buy di harga 1.000 dan target taking profit di harga 1.100, ini berarti potensi profit 10%.
Mana yang anda akan beli dari kedua saham diatas? Ya selamat anda menjawab untuk membeli saham A. Selamat karena anda kurang kritis sebelum melakukan pembelian saham. Kenapa anda kurang kritis karena anda hanya terbuai dengan potensi profit tanpa memikirkan risk reward ratio.
Baca juga : Teknik 2R – Teknik Rahasia Para Trader Profesional
Studi Kasus Trading Plan
Agar contoh lebih menarik, mari saya menggunakan data asli. Data yang digunakan based on tanggal pembuatan tulisan ini yaitu data per 1 Mei 2020, ini bukan rekomendasi beli. Penentuan titik cut loss dan taking profit menggunakan bollinger band hanya untuk contoh. Silahkan gunakan analisa teknikal kalian sendiri untuk penentuan titik cut loss dan taking profit.

PTRO lagi berada di harga 1.255. Jika melihat bollinger band, maka ada potensi kenaikan hingga ke titik resistance 1.450 (potensi profit 15.5%). Candlestick PTRO saat ini sedang berada di tengah antara garis bollinger bawah dan garis bollinger tengah. Saya mengambil asumsi target cut loss sedikit dibawah garis support bollinger bawah yaitu di angka 1.105 (potensi cut loss 12%).
Jika kita melihat based on data diatas, PTRO memiliki target profit 16% tapi risk reward ratio hanya berada di kisaran 1.3X.

HRUM saat ini lagi berada di harga 1.255. Jika melihat bollinger band, maka ada potensi kenaikan hingga ke harga 1.375 (potensi profit 9.6%). Candlestick HRUM berada di dekat garis bawah bollinger band. Saya mengambil asumsi target cut loss sedikit dibawah garis support bollinger bawah yaitu di angka 1.225 (potensi cut loss 2.4%).
Jika melihat based on data diatas, HRUM memiliki target profit 9.6% dengan risk reward ratio di kisaran 4x.
Jika hanya melihat potensi profit, maka saham PTRO akan kelihatan lebih menarik dengan potensi profit 15x. Tapi jika melihat risk reward ratio maka HRUM jauh lebih menarik dengan risk reward ratio 4x.
Jika anda tanya saya, jelas saya akan lebih memilih saham HRUM untuk trading jangka pendek dibandingkan PTRO.
Trading plan adalah hal yang krusial untuk dibuat oleh seorang trader sebelum memutuskan membeli sebuah saham. Sehingga saya membuat kolom untuk perhitungan risk reward ratio didalam jurnal saham untuk trading.

Apakah Value Investor Perlu Membuat Trading Plan?
Sedangkan untuk seorang value investor, tidak terlalu wajib untuk membuat trading plan seperti ini. Karena saya sendiri hanya membeli saham yang minimal 50% dibawah nilai wajar setelah margin of safety. Ini artinya saham saya selalu memiliki potensi profit minimal 100% untuk jangka panjang. Tapi saya pribadi suka mencatat berapa PER,PBV, harga saham tertinggi satu tahun terakhir hanya untuk memastikan harga saat ini memang murah dan saya bukan membeli saham yang memang murahan. Untuk lebih mengerti silahkan baca langkah ketiga dari panduan value investing yang pernah saya tulis.

Baca juga : Panduan value investing – mencari saham murah dan bagus
Mengetahui Biaya dan Profit Aktual
Sebagai investor saham tentu kita perlu mengetahui berapa total biaya komisi dan profit aktual yang anda hasilkan. Mungkin biaya komisi dan pajak di bursa saham terlihat kecil. Tapi percayalah khususnya bagi para trader, bisa jadi biaya komisi dan pajak anda setahun itu sekian puluh persen dari profit yang anda hasilkan dalam satu tahun. Jangan pernah remehkan biaya komisi investasi anda.
Baca juga : Formula ajaib investasi

Mengetahui Strategi Investasi / Trading Paling Cocok Untuk Kita
Setiap orang pasti pernah / akan melakukan kesalahan. Kesalahan itu biasa berujung kepada hal yang paling tidak menyenangkan untuk seorang investor, yaitu kerugian.
Didalam perjalannya, investor / trading mungkin memiliki beberapa teknik andalan yang bisa didapatkan baik dari buku ataupun pengalaman mereka.
Strategi manakah yang membawa keuntungan paling besar dan konsisten bagi kita? Jurnal saham ini yang akan membantu untuk menjawab anda dengan data dan bukan asumsi.
Kita perlu menggunakan data untuk melunturkan ego kita. Karena sering kali kita terjebak kebanggaan pada teknik yang kita temukan sendiri dan tidak mau mengakui teknik orang lain. Dengan adanya data maka kita akan punya dasar yang kuat untuk kita berdebat dengan diri kita sendiri mana strategi yang paling cocok untuk kita. Parameternya sangat mudah, mana strategi yang selama ini membawa profit dalam rupiah paling besar dan jumlah transaksi profit paling banyak untuk kita.
Contoh strategi yang dulu saya gunakan untuk klasifikasi sebagai seorang trader:
Swing: Harga saham tidak berhasil menyentuh titik support dan berhasil rebound.

- Breakout : Harga saham berhasil menembus titik resistance

- Crossing : Moving average kecil memotong moving average yang lebih besar.


Contoh strategi yang dulu saya gunakan untuk klasifikasi sebagai seorang value investor:
- High Dividend Return : strategi membeli saham yang harga dividen nya memiliki persentase return yang besar dibandingkan harga saham saat pembelian
- High Fixed Asset : strategi membeli saham yang memiliki fixed asset lebih besar dibandingkan dengan market cap dari saham tersebut.
- Small EV/EBIT : strategi membeli saham yang memiliki nilai cash hampir/lebih besar dibandingkan market cap tapi memiliki hutang yangg kecil.
- Growth Investing : strategi membeli saham yang walaupun harga sahamnya diatas nilai wajar tapi tetap dibeli karena percaya growth perusahaan bagus.

Dari 4 strategi diatas, hanya growth investing yang memungkinkan saya untuk membeli saham diatas nilai wajar. Tapi sejujurnya saya tidak ada membeli saham menggunakan growth investing, walaupun jujur saya tergoda dengan SIDO dan mungkin untuk saat ini BBRI.
Untuk strategi diatas, silahkan sesuai dengan karakteristik dan strategi yang kalian gunakan. Setiap orang tentu punya preferensi dan pandangan masing – masing.
Mengetahui Akurasi Analisa Yang Kita Lakukan Dalam Investasi Saham
Dari semua data yang digunakan, maka kita bisa membuat pivot di tab excel kita berikutnya. Kalian bisa melakukan berbagai analisa seperti:
- Saham mana yang paling banyak memberikan keuntungan untuk anda. Hal ini akan membuat anda bisa mengetahui sektor mana yang cocok dengan anda.
- Melihat kecocokan antara sektor perusahaan dengan strategi yang anda gunakan.
- Melihat strategi mana yang paling membawakan anda profit paling besar dan konsisten.
- Berapa pertumbuhan return investasi anda pertahun baik dalam rupiah ataupun persentase.
- Berapa banyak akurasi win rate anda
- Berapa rata – rata holding period investasi anda
- Dan banyak hal lainnya yang bisa anda lakukan analisa untuk evaluasi strategi investasi/trading yang telah anda lakukan selama ini.
Jika anda tidak mengetahui cara melakukan pivot di excel, saran saya ada baiknya belajar. Karena itu tidaklah susah. Anda bisa mencari tutorial yang begitu banyak di google ataupun youtube.
Jika anda mau download contoh jurnal yang saya buatkan di postingan ini silahkan download di link: Contoh Jurnal Saham Trader & Investor
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